高度是指(大地水准面)[1](等于表面重力强度),选择符合平均海平面。因此,如果我们要不断调整适应海平面上升的大地水准面,所有的高度会降低,平均* *的* *。然而,它是非常重要的亮点,* * * *“平均”的部分,因为涉及的利率。让我们看一看海平面上升利率:[![在这里输入图像描述][2]][2]正如你所看到的在上面的图像(取自(夏威夷ʻ我适应气候变化门户)[3]),利率的上升在4毫米/年。很小的值与其他进程相比,还能改变海拔,例如:- * *[幅度均衡反弹][4]* *:海平面上升的原因之一就是因为冰川融化。主要来自山区。冰川融化,卸载可以见的地壳漂浮在地幔(又名在地球内部岩浆),以及任何减肥的浮动对象,它获得浮选和上升。典型的利率(大约10毫米/年)[5],但利率[39毫米/年一直测量][6]在大面积冰封地区。因此,大多数山脉中、高纬度比海平面上升速度。 - **Erosion**: Erosion rates are also of the order milimeters per year [up to meters per year][7] in river beds and other areas. So, in some areas the erosion can play a much bigger role than sea level when it comes to elevation change. To make it more complex, erosion will also trigger isostatic rebounding, in many case both processes are in balance at large scales. - **Deposition**: Landforms like stuaries, beaches and deltas, are product of the balance between sediment deposition and erosion. If the sea level rise, the delta will rise too given enough time. The problem currently in some areas, is that the sedimentation can't quite catch up with seal level rise and coastal erosion. - **[Tectonic uplift][8]**: Tectonics also is constantly changing the elevation trough slow deformation and Earthquakes. Parts of the Himalaya are rising at [rates of 10 mm/yr][9], and large earthquakes can produce elevation changes in the order of [a few meters][10]. - **Tectonic relaxation**: As volcanic islands cool down, they sink, Hawai'i is doing it at rates about [one millimetre per year][11]. And geologically young volcanoes are sinking due to the extra weight its formation put on the underlying crust. Therefore, to say that the elevation of something is changing **because** of sea level rise is not something easy to backup, as there are many other processes to take into account. Scientist make fairly complex models to figure out which areas will actually experience flooding due to sea level rise, and unfortunately, so far they have found that there are many highly populated areas that will face big challenges for that reason. [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoid [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/C4rlg.png [3]: http://climateadaptation.hawaii.gov/sea-level-rise/ [4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-glacial_rebound [5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-glacial_rebound#Overview [6]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X09006207 [7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion [8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_uplift [9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_the_Himalaya [10]: https://geology.com/records/largest-earthquake/ [11]: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228469903_Sea_level_rise_at_Honolulu_and_Hilo_Hawaii_GPS_estimates_of_differential_land_motion