因为你特别要求对风和压力,有一个相当适用的经验法则。它叫做* *(购买选票的法律)[1]* *。基本上,如果风是你的背部(未来你后面),通常在北半球,低压是你左边和高压就在你的右边。这从http://www.maiamarinelli.com/图形说明了:[![在这里输入图像描述][2]][2]然而,注意购买选票是真的一个不完美的估计。有三大警告/调整考虑:*(在所有描述后,更换左与右(反之亦然)南半球]*——购买选票的关系从根本上依赖于地球的旋转,即总是吹嘘的明显的力称为科里奥利效应[3]。科里奥利实际上导致风不是流向低压,而是沿着平等轮廓的压力。如果不是因为科里奥利效应,低压中心将很快填写与空气,我们不会有复杂的天气。在赤道,旋转与纬度的差异最小,购买选票不再是有限的/没有科里奥利。所以你是离赤道越近,越低压更盈方离开,甚至直接在你面前如果风。 - Friction also slightly imbalances the relationship near the ground, such that wind actually flows towards low pressure again. So once again, wind to your back may actually indicate the low pressure center is more to your front left than your left at ground level. If you were up off the ground, or out in a body of water, this friction adjustment would be minimized, and low pressure is indeed more to your left. - Local effects, such as terrain (or buildings) definitely overwhelm the larger pattern at times. And because the Coriolis force isn't significant in smaller, more localized features, Buys Ballot's becomes shakier in those situations. The impetus from the broader wind flow does feed down to guide even pressure local features. So wind to your back may well be telling you that a smaller area of low pressure is somewhere between to your left and in front of you... but that low pressure could be local: a building... a thunderstorm... even a tornado. That said, as the pressure gradient gets greater, Coriolis is more and more marginalized, and the low pressure can be almost directly in front of you... and there are even rare circumstances where it is strong that the low can rotate backwards, and low pressure may be to your right. As far as I know, this scenario only can maintain itself at all in strong thunderstorms, with the quite rare antimesocyclones and [anticyclonic tornadoes][4]. However, perhaps it could also happen on the microscale, such as around buildings, but those circumstances are no within my area of knowledge. So all that put together: **If indeed you can get away from those big buildings, are fairly removed from the regional impacts of mountains and smaller nearby terrain features, and ideally can escape areas with dense foliage... then if the wind is coming from behind you, you can be almost certain that large low pressure is to your left or front left (in the NH, right/front right in the SH)**... if you can find the wind direction. And if there isn't much wind? Well then you're probably fairly near a high pressure center! But that will make it fairly tough to diagnose exactly where high pressure centers/low pressure centers are in relationship to you. (And if there is a great deal of wind... well maybe you should just get inside, and turn on your tv to find out when the big tornado/hurricane/winter storm is going to end!) [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buys_Ballot's_law [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/GdAky.jpg [3]: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/crls.rxml [4]: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2013/06/05/the-rare-anticyclonic-tornado-in-el-reno-okla/?utm_term=.515516f94ccd