简而言之:辐射进入* * * *从太阳短波辐射。太阳辐射主要是可见的(以及紫外和近红外辐射波长200 nm之间大多和2µm。这个波长是由太阳的温度,在6000 K的顺序。可见辐射(390 nm - 700 nm),所有的气体在大气中几乎完全透明。云做的散射辐射所以你不能直接看到太阳的时候阴天,但他们仍然让足够的光线通过,所以它仍然是光在一个阴天(不亮),尽管它感到凉爽。叶子的辐射是* *长波辐射* *,也被称为地面辐射或热辐射(错误地)。对地球而言,这是由辐射的波长大多4µm和40µm之间。这个波长是由地球的温度在290 K左右。在这些波长,温室气体大多是不透明的。他们吸收辐射。 The greenhouse gases reradiate the absorbed heat, but in both directions (back to Earth AND up to higher layers in the atmosphere), and at a lower temperature. The upward longwave radiation gets in turn absorbed by higher-up layers of greenhouse gases, et cetera, such that ultimately the layers of greenhouse gases that do radiate into space tend to be high up in the air (say at 240 K). Thus, their overall effect is to radiate less heat into space than the Earth surface would in the absence of those gases. The most important greenhouse gases are water vapour, carbon dioxide, and methane. ![Atmospheric opacity][1] *Source: [gisgeography.com][2]* ![Planck curves][3] *Source: [science of doom][4]* [1]: https://gisgeography.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Atmospheric-Electromagnetic-Opacity-678x308.png [2]: https://gisgeography.com/atmospheric-window/ [3]: https://scienceofdoom.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/blackbody_curve-sun-earth.jpg [4]: https://scienceofdoom.com/2010/06/01/the-sun-and-max-planck-agree/