正如加里提到的,这取决于特定的上下文的山。它是怎么形成的呢?是自然界中火山吗?或者只是古老的岩石被压缩的一些事件上升。平均而言,地壳是花岗岩。所以很有可能你会发现在你的山。这不会是一个糟糕的假设。花岗岩形成的岩浆冷却缓慢,所以大部分火山岩山脉的花岗岩或类似的东西。例如,安第斯山脉(下图)是由细粒度表面附近的安山岩和闪长岩(安山岩的粗粒度的版本,与花岗岩相似,但不完全)在深度。[![enter image description here][1]][1] In the case of cooling magma to form rocks, the slower the cooling, the larger the crystals will be. So rocks that cooled near the surface, will be composed of tiny crystals while rocks that cooled deeper will have larger crystals. [![enter image description here][2]][2] You could argue for more exotic rock types but that would imply a slightly more complex geological history (which is totally possible). For example, you could have uplifted a huge package of sedimentary rocks without any volcanism involved. Or you could have simply eroded everything around leaving large rock packages like the Venezuelan Tepuis (below). [![enter image description here][3]][3] In general, the rocks deep inside a mountain (or simply super old rocks) have also undergone a lot of compression, so sedimentary rocks will be unlikely as you would have converted them into metamorphic rocks, e.g. limestones would be marble, sandstones would be quartzites (like the Tepuis), shales would be slates (or schists, etc.), etc. Similarly, metamorphic rocks that have undergone a higher degree of compressional and thermal stress (i.e. deeper in the mountain) will grow larger crystals. [![enter image description here][4]][4] Of course, like anything in geology, other complex scenarios do exist where these rules of thumb don't work. But in general, this should get you started. Anyway, hope that helps. [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/IsSoy.jpg [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/hvoe6.jpg [3]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/8ZTNq.jpg [4]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/i72Yo.jpg