这是一个不错的图片(自然)[1]:似乎开尔文波抑制由于某种原因,我不熟悉。有趣的是,一些作者认为,这些事件的频率增加了近年来由于人为原因。即气候变化。![][2]> * * * *,厄尔尼诺事件的东风时产生削弱;有时,在西方,西风盛行。这个条件被温暖的海洋表面温度比普通>分类(太平洋)>东部的海洋,和与改变>温跃层和东>潮湿的大气环流和西部干燥。* * * *,厄尔尼诺Modoki事件是一个>一种截然不同的异常条件。最温暖的太平洋>发生在太平洋中部,在寒冷的水域东部和西部>,并与不同的大气模式>对流有关。* * * *,* * * *,相反的厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)阶段分别>和厄尔尼诺Modoki。叶等al.3认为Modoki条件>频率的增加是由于人为气候变暖,太平洋中部>,这些事件将发生更频繁地如果>全球变暖增加。 The most concise definition i found is: > The peak warming of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) is confined to the central equatorial Pacific until boreal winter instead of propagating to the east. You may already be familiar with this paper, but I found this passage interesting: > Because of the obvious distinction from the traditional El Niño > [Rasmusson and Carpenter, 1982] and even from that defined by NOAA in > 2003, we refer to the SSTA pattern observed in 2004, namely, warming > in the central Pacific (∼NINO4 region) flanked by colder SSTA to the > west and east, as an El Niño Modoki (pseudo-El Niño) event; this term > is now popular in Japan and east Asia. (The word Modoki was introduced > by T. Yamagata during 2004 while explaining a probable cause behind > the abnormal summer climatic conditions over Japan. It has been often > used since then by various Japanese Mass Media. “Modoki” is a > classical Japanese word which means “similar but different.” A news > article also appeared in The Japan Times on 24 July 2004 under the > heading “'Mock El Nino' culprit behind heat wave, floods: Professor,” > which follows: “The heat wave and floods in various parts of Japan are > being caused by an El Nino-like phenomenon in the central Pacific > Ocean, a Japanese researcher said Friday. Toshio Yamagata, a professor > at the University of Tokyo specializing in climate dynamics, said an > increase in the sea surface temperature has activated convection > currents and promoted a high-pressure ridge in the Pacific, bringing a > hot summer to Japan …” (from [DOI: 10.1029/2006JC003798][3]) [1]: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7263/fig_tab/461481a_F2.html [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/7IeD2.jpg [3]: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006JC003798/full