水总是最快的路线降低高度。雨水会流直接通过地面到地下水表面如果不是渗透率(有限)[1]的[材料属性][2]。渗透率控制速度水渗透材料,例如可以地表水流一段艰难的路,当水从一个喷壶进入花坛的软土。砾石、砂和破碎岩石渗透率高的页岩和non-fractured火成岩低渗透。如此之低,这在许多情况下,似乎是完全令人费解的人类时间尺度。这同样适用于一条河。如果河流透水岩石,典型的沉积物沉积在河边本身,很大一部分的水将继续流在干河床,允许水仍然是进入上游。另一种方式看河流或湖泊,是它的表面表现(地下水位)[3]。如果你挖一个挨着一个的水域(试试看!)你会到达地下水与河水表面相同的高度。因此,要回答你的问题。 It depends on the local geology, but water will always flow from the [precipitation][4] area to the oceans (or a lower point where it can evaporate or being pumped up). Ground water flows everywhere, but as viable rivers shows the ground water table, it is usually rather safe to assume that the ground water under the river flows parallel to its path. [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy%27s_law [2]: http://all-geo.org/highlyallochthonous/2011/01/geology-is-destiny-globally-mapping-permeability-by-rock-type/ [3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_table [4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation