地图中显示的已探明石油储量的问题是在当前条件下可以提取。然而,这真的是向你展示石油储量的分布在政治意义上,这不是石油储备的来源的基础。相反,你应该看看负责石油储量的地质。你可以看到一个更好的估计石油储备分布在图像发布http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2013/ph240/malyshev2/ ![在这里输入图像描述][1]>地区古老的前寒武纪火成岩岩石暴露在地球表面被称为盾牌。世界石油储量不是发现的盾牌但在造山带地区构造板块之间经验变形部队由于板块的运动。这些力量创建盆地:地区的深沉积岩必要生产石油。沉积岩的部队还变形导致的陷阱所必需的油气聚集。盆地和造山带与许多石油达到区域:东部和西部的成本,美国在波斯湾,乌拉尔山脉,在里海,在西伯利亚,在非洲的北部。更多信息的来源石油储备也在这里找到http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum >石油是一种化石燃料的形成源于古代化石有机材料,如浮游动物和藻类。大量的这些仍是解决海洋或湖的底部,在缺氧条件下混合沉积物和被埋葬。 As further layers settled to the sea or lake bed, intense heat and pressure build up in the lower regions. This process caused the organic matter to change, first into a waxy material known as kerogen, which is found in various oil shales around the world, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons via a process known as catagenesis. Formation of petroleum occurs from hydrocarbon pyrolysis in a variety of mainly endothermic reactions at high temperature and/or pressure. There were certain warm nutrient-rich environments such as the Gulf of Mexico and the ancient Tethys Sea where the large amounts of organic material falling to the ocean floor exceeded the rate at which it could decompose. This resulted in large masses of organic material being buried under subsequent deposits such as shale formed from mud. This massive organic deposit later became heated and transformed under pressure into oil. > Three conditions must be present for oil reservoirs to form: a source rock rich in hydrocarbon material buried deep enough for subterranean heat to cook it into oil, a porous and permeable reservoir rock for it to accumulate in, and a cap rock (seal) or other mechanism that prevents it from escaping to the surface. Within these reservoirs, fluids will typically organize themselves like a three-layer cake with a layer of water below the oil layer and a layer of gas above it, although the different layers vary in size between reservoirs. Because most hydrocarbons are less dense than rock or water, they often migrate upward through adjacent rock layers until either reaching the surface or becoming trapped within porous rocks (known as reservoirs) by impermeable rocks above. However, the process is influenced by underground water flows, causing oil to migrate hundreds of kilometres horizontally or even short distances downward before becoming trapped in a reservoir. When hydrocarbons are concentrated in a trap, an oil field forms, from which the liquid can be extracted by drilling and pumping. [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/VCEp1.jpg
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